GPS is one of the most fantastic utilities ever devised by man. GPS will figure in history alongside the development of the sea-going chronometer. This device enabled seafarers to plot their course to an accuracy that greatly encouraged maritime activity, and led to the migration explosion of the nineteenth century. GPS will effect mankind in the same way. There are myriad applications, that will benefit us individually and collectively.
Latitude, Longitude, AMG etc etc etc
I get many requests to explain the different numbers used by different GPS at the same location. This is a valid and sensible question, and there are easily understood answers. You may also wonder about terms such as
UTM,
GDA,
MGA,
datum,
position format,
grid, and
true north. My customers get free assistance with these, and any other matter relating to their purchase, and the use of the GPS.
- What is GPS? (Explaining the system of satellites and how it works)
- Correction techniques for greater accuracy (DGPS)
- Elevation readings and GPS (How far are we above sea level?)
- The theory of positioning (How Sir Isaac Newton and others made GPS possible)
- Explanation of digital mapping forms and functions in relation to GPS
- Applications for GPS
- In Australia
Find latitude and longitude of any town in Australia
Articles written by Kimball Thurlow, ©, Johnny Appleseed GPS, Brisbane

Lewin, J. W. (John William), 1770-1819. Botany Bay creeper
1 watercolour ; 25 x 19.2 cm. nla.pic-an2970695
When the white man came to Australia prior to 1800, images of the never-before-seen wildlife became very popular. Artists including John William Lewin made beatiful renderings of bird life, like this example, reproduced by permission of the
National Library of Australia.
Today, bird watching is a popular hobby in Australia. For many bird watchers, the use of GPS has made the hobby more enjoyable, because it is easier to find reported locations. The availability of more scientific reporting will in the future assist our understanding of the birds' habitat, numbers and continued existence.
BirdsAustralia.com.au
BirData.com.au
Atlassing in NSW - Tony Saunders
(Note from Kim Thurlow - I have reproduced the article in full because it contains issues about collecting data, which may be of interest to other bird-watchers.)
Tony Saunders is now the NSW facilitator for the Birds Australia Atlassing Project, with the specific task of increasing the amount of Atlassing carried out in Western NSW, and encouraging the use of the smaller search area methods.
As at June 1st 2002, of the 2670 10 minute grids within NSW, 1563 had been surveyed, compared to the 1828 that had been completed at a similar time in the previous Atlas. Much of Western NSW has only been sparsely surveyed, mostly along major roads and within National Parks. Tony is keen for bird clubs and any other groups to adopt an area that has not been surveyed, and organise some Atlassing trips to that area - in particular in those areas so far only sparsely surveyed. By co-ordinating surveys, we can ensure the greatest return for the effort. Groups and individuals intending to travel in Western NSW, and who can do surveys as they go, are encouraged to contact Tony. He can provide coverage maps showing where the effort is most needed, and information on other groups' efforts, so there is less overlap.
He also has addressed some concerns shown by Atlassers about the new survey methods used in the current project. The main concern is that fewer species are recorded within a single survey, particularly the 20 minute / 2 ha survey design. He stresses that a single 20 minute / 2 hectare survey would never be used to characterise the population of an entire 10 minute or one degree grid block - nor would a 500 metre radius search. However, these searches provide valuable data due to their more precise location, and the increased likelihood that the search represents only one habitat type.
In encouraging the smaller searches to be done when travelling through an area, Tony points out that even a zero count is a valuable datum. Eventually, a series of 20 minute / 2 ha searches, or 500 metre counts will reveal the full population of an area.
For example, Tony and his partner recently did some atlassing in the Back Yamma S. F. Before the new Atlas, he was producing one list per visit to the forest. Under the new regime, he did four 500 m radius searches on the one visit, and was in different habitats for each search. Each search had its central position determined with a GPS unit, and the duration noted. The number of species recorded for each survey ranged from 23 to 36, and 54 species were recorded for the forest as a whole. No species were missed between survey points, and even if there had been, these could have been recorded as incidental surveys.
This might seem like a lot of extra effort that could have been saved by producing just one list. However, the whole forest was not covered, so a single list would not represent the forest anyway. It was interesting to compare the lists for each survey. For example, Speckled Warbler and Red-capped Robins were recorded on all four surveys, while Gilbert's Whistler and Turquoise Parrot were recorded on two out of four. This already provides useful information on the relative abundance of these species based on reporting rates. Such detail would have been lost if only one survey had been done for the whole forest.
Contact details:
Tony Saunders 17 Poplar Grove, Lawson, NSW 2783.
Ph. 02 4759 2559(h)
02 4759 3843(fax)
0409 399 849(mob)
Contact Tony at the Birds Australia Atlassing Project.
Correctly locating a Birding Report
This birding report from Marlene, indicates the correct method of reporting a GPS location. In this case, it is clear that Marlene is using degrees (°), minutes ('), and seconds ("). (If you cannot reproduce the degree symbol, deg. could be used. Otherwise, the reader can safely assume that the first digits before a space, are the degrees). This is angular measure, latitude and longitude, and nothing to do with time.
"Returning to the unnamed picnic area (Ti Tree is the other picnic area) the bush birds also didn't disappoint. Brush & Red Wattlebird, Brown Thornbill, White-browed Scrubwren, New Holland Honeyeater, Grey Fantail, Eastern Spinebill, Yellow Robin, possible Brown Goshawk, Silvereye, Red-browed Firetail whilst out in the paddocks Eastern Rosella and Black-shouldered Kites. A great area.
GPS reading for the bridge across the Powlett River: 38° 34'26"S 145° 30'40"E
Happy birding
Marlene."
Your GPS may be reading another equally valid format!
for example
1. degrees and decimal degrees (eg. S 27.34567 etc.), or
2. degrees, minutes (') and decimal minutes (eg. S 27 34.567', which is a different angle to the one above, and would be out by a whopping 25 (twenty five!) kilometres if you incorrectly interpreted it!).
The format does not matter, so long as it is clear to the reader. Quoting something like 27 34 56 is not very helpful at all, because the format is not specified, and you could end up dozens of kilometres off the track. You can see that the little marks ' and " are really important.
The reader should also know on what part of the planet you are reporting. Note that Marlene uses S on the latitude reading, and E on the longitude reading. This is an important indicator, because some of your readers may live in Arizona USA or elsewhere, where they would use N and W. They want to know in which hemisphere you are living. (The S and the E can be used before or after the numbers, and are always shown on GPS readings).
Another useful point, but not absolutely necessary in the case of birdwatching, is to quote the datum. An incorrect datum setting on your GPS in Australia, could mean you are re-locating the position about 200 metres in error. If you are worried about 200 metres, you could contact the reporter, to find out what datum they are using on their GPS, and set yours the same.
Another example of correct recording of position- this time in flora observations.